<h4>Introduction to Kodaikanal Solar Observatory</h4><p>The <strong>Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO)</strong> recently marked a significant milestone, celebrating its <strong>125th birth anniversary</strong>. This institution, nestled in the Palani Hills of <strong>Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu</strong>, has been a cornerstone of solar research for over a century.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>Key Milestone:</strong> 125th Birth Anniversary Celebration</p><p><strong>Location:</strong> Kodaikanal, Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu</p></div><h4>Pivotal Role in Solar Science</h4><p>Over its extensive history, KSO has played a <strong>crucial role</strong> in advancing humanity's understanding of <strong>solar activity</strong>. Its continuous observations provide invaluable data for studying the Sun's dynamic behavior.</p><div class='key-point-box'><p>KSO's primary contribution lies in its long-term, uninterrupted observation of the Sun, forming one of the longest continuous solar data archives globally.</p></div><h4>Impact on Earth's Climate and Space Weather</h4><p>The research conducted at KSO is vital for comprehending the profound impact of solar activity on <strong>Earth’s climate</strong>. Solar variations can influence atmospheric processes and long-term climate patterns.</p><p>Furthermore, KSO's work is instrumental in the study of <strong>space weather</strong>. Understanding solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar wind is critical for protecting satellites, communication systems, and power grids on Earth.</p><div class='exam-tip-box'><p><strong>UPSC Relevance:</strong> The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is significant for <strong>GS-III Science & Technology</strong> (Space and Astronomy) and <strong>GS-I Geography</strong> (Climatology, Solar phenomena).</p></div>