<h4>Introduction to the Ruling</h4><p>The <strong>Bombay High Court (HC)</strong> recently delivered a significant judgment, striking down the <strong>Amended Information Technology Rules, 2023</strong>. This decision has major implications for online content regulation and freedom of speech in India.</p><div class='key-point-box'><p>The core of the ruling challenged the central government's power to establish a <strong>Fact Check Unit (FCU)</strong>. This unit was designed to identify and flag certain types of information online.</p></div><h4>The Mandate of the Fact Check Unit (FCU)</h4><p>The <strong>FCU</strong> was envisioned with a specific role: to identify <strong>fake, false, and misleading information</strong>. Its primary target was content related to the <strong>government's business</strong> on various <strong>social media platforms</strong>.</p><div class='info-box'><p>The unit's objective was to combat misinformation, particularly that which could potentially harm public trust or government operations. However, its powers raised concerns regarding censorship and free expression.</p></div><h4>Reasons for Striking Down the Rules</h4><p>While the detailed reasoning of the <strong>Bombay HC</strong> is extensive, the fundamental concern revolved around the potential for <strong>arbitrary censorship</strong>. Critics argued that empowering the government to be the sole arbiter of truth could stifle legitimate dissent and critical commentary.</p><div class='exam-tip-box'><p>UPSC aspirants should note this case highlights the delicate balance between <strong>combating misinformation</strong> and upholding <strong>freedom of speech and expression (Article 19(1)(a))</strong>. It's a prime example of <strong>judicial review</strong> in action.</p></div>