<h4>Introduction to the IVC Discovery Centenary</h4><p>The year <strong>2024</strong> marks a significant milestone: <strong>100 years since the formal announcement</strong> of the <strong>Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)</strong>. This centenary highlights the enduring legacy and ongoing relevance of one of the world's earliest great civilizations.</p><p>The official announcement of the <strong>IVC's discovery</strong> was made by renowned archaeologist <strong>Sir John Marshall</strong> on <strong>20th September 1924</strong>. This declaration brought to light a sophisticated ancient culture that profoundly reshaped our understanding of Indian history.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>Key Dates:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>20th September 1924:</strong> Official announcement of IVC discovery by <strong>Sir John Marshall</strong>.</li><li><strong>20th September 2024:</strong> Marks the <strong>100th anniversary</strong> of this pivotal announcement.</li></ul></div><h4>Geographical Extent and Key Features of IVC</h4><p>The <strong>Indus Valley Civilization</strong> was remarkably widespread, encompassing over <strong>2,000 known sites</strong>. These sites are distributed across a vast area of approximately <strong>1.5 million sq. km</strong>.</p><p>The civilization's geographical spread includes modern-day <strong>India</strong>, <strong>Pakistan</strong>, and parts of <strong>Afghanistan</strong>. This expansive reach signifies its profound influence and advanced organizational capabilities.</p><div class='key-point-box'><p><strong>Defining Characteristics:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Advanced Urban Planning:</strong> Cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa showcased meticulous grid layouts, standardized brick sizes, and elaborate drainage systems.</li><li><strong>Sophisticated Architecture:</strong> Evidence of monumental structures, granaries, and public baths demonstrates advanced engineering skills.</li></ul></div><div class='exam-tip-box'><p>For <strong>UPSC Prelims</strong>, remember the <strong>date of announcement</strong> and the <strong>archaeologist</strong>. For <strong>Mains</strong>, focus on the <strong>significance of the discovery</strong> and the <strong>civilization's key features</strong> as foundational knowledge.</p></div>