<h4>Integration of French Territories with India</h4><p>The integration of <strong>French possessions</strong> in India into the <strong>Indian Union</strong> occurred on <strong>1st November 1954</strong>. This significant event led to <strong>Puducherry</strong> (Pondicherry) being designated as a <strong>Union Territory</strong>.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>French Colonies in India:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Pondicherry</strong></li><li><strong>Mahe</strong></li><li><strong>Chandernagore</strong></li><li><strong>Karaikal</strong></li><li><strong>Yanon (Yanam)</strong></li></ul></div><h4>Liberation of Portuguese Territories</h4><p>India celebrates <strong>Goa Liberation Day</strong> on <strong>19th December</strong>, commemorating the state's liberation from <strong>Portuguese rule</strong> in <strong>1961</strong>. This marked the end of the longest-standing colonial presence in India.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>Portuguese Colonies in India:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Daman</strong></li><li><strong>Diu</strong></li><li><strong>Goa</strong></li><li><strong>Ilha de Angediva</strong></li><li><strong>Nagar Haveli</strong></li><li><strong>Panikota</strong></li></ul></div><h4>Methods of Integration</h4><p>India successfully integrated both French and Portuguese territories through a combination of strategies. The approaches differed significantly due to the varying attitudes of the colonial powers.</p><div class='key-point-box'><p><strong>Key Integration Methods:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Prolonged Negotiations:</strong> Used extensively, particularly with the French.</li><li><strong>Nationalist Movements:</strong> Local movements within the territories played a crucial role in advocating for merger with India.</li><li><strong>Military Action:</strong> Employed as a last resort, notably in the case of Portuguese territories.</li></ul></div><div class='exam-tip-box'><p><strong>UPSC Insight:</strong> Understanding the different methods used for integration (<strong>negotiation vs. military action</strong>) is crucial for Mains answers, highlighting India's diplomatic and strategic approach to post-colonial consolidation. Focus on the contrasting nature of French and Portuguese responses.</p></div>