<h4>Introduction to National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)</h4><p>The <strong>National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)</strong> is a cutting-edge, web-based application designed to centralize and streamline fingerprint data for law enforcement agencies across India. It serves as a crucial tool for the quick and accurate identification of individuals involved in criminal activities.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>NAFIS:</strong> A national database and search application for fingerprints, enabling law enforcement agencies to identify individuals based on their unique biometric data.</p></div><h4>Unique Identifier: National Fingerprint Number (NFN)</h4><p>A core feature of <strong>NAFIS</strong> is the assignment of a unique <strong>10-digit National Fingerprint Number (NFN)</strong> to every person arrested for a crime. This identifier is permanent and can be used for the individual’s lifetime.</p><p>Crucially, all different crimes registered under various <strong>First Information Reports (FIRs)</strong> against the same person will be linked to this single <strong>NFN</strong>, ensuring a comprehensive criminal history.</p><div class='key-point-box'><p>The <strong>NFN</strong> is vital for tracking repeat offenders and maintaining a consistent record of an individual's involvement in criminal activities across different jurisdictions and over time.</p></div><h4>Integration with Crime and Criminal Tracking & Network & Systems (CCTNS)</h4><p><strong>NAFIS</strong> operates with a robust backend connection to the <strong>Crime and Criminal Tracking & Network & Systems (CCTNS)</strong> database. This integration provides a unique identifier for every arrested person within the broader <strong>CCTNS</strong> framework.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>CCTNS:</strong> A nationwide network linking all police stations and higher offices, designed to create a comprehensive national database of crime and criminal records.</p></div><h4>Real-Time Data Management and Accessibility</h4><p>The system is designed as a web-based application, offering <strong>24/7</strong> access to law enforcement agencies. This enables real-time uploading, tracing, and retrieval of fingerprint data.</p><p>This real-time capability significantly enhances the efficiency of criminal identification processes, allowing for swift action by police forces.</p><h4>Evolution and Replacement of Previous Systems</h4><p><strong>NAFIS</strong> represents the latest iteration in India's journey towards advanced automated fingerprint identification. It was developed to replace the previous system, <strong>FACTS 5.0</strong> (Fingerprint Analysis and Criminal Tracing System).</p><p>The decision to replace <strong>FACTS 5.0</strong> was based on the assessment that it had “outlived its shelf life,” necessitating a more modern and efficient system to meet contemporary law enforcement needs.</p><h4>NAFIS within the National Terrorist Database and Analysis Centre (NTDFAC)</h4><p><strong>NAFIS</strong> is a crucial component incorporated into the larger <strong>National Terrorist Database and Analysis Centre (NTDFAC)</strong>. The <strong>NTDFAC</strong> itself serves as a centralized database and analysis hub for information related to terrorism and terrorists operating in India.</p><div class='info-box'><p><strong>NTDFAC:</strong> A comprehensive database providing detailed information on terrorist incidents, including dates, locations, weapons, tactics, targets, and casualties, globally and within India.</p></div><p>In <strong>2023</strong>, the <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)</strong> specifically directed all state police forces and anti-terror agencies to adopt a proactive approach, utilizing such systems to prevent the formation of new terrorist groups.</p><h4>Key Features of NTDFAC (incorporating NAFIS)</h4><ul><li><strong>Comprehensive Database:</strong> The <strong>NTDFAC</strong> maintains extensive records including <strong>case histories</strong>, <strong>fingerprints</strong> (via NAFIS), <strong>videos</strong>, <strong>pictures</strong>, and <strong>social media profiles</strong>, offering a holistic view of individuals involved in terrorist activities.</li><li><strong>Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS):</strong> The <strong>NTDFAC</strong> integrates <strong>NAFIS</strong>, which alone holds over <strong>92 lakh fingerprint records</strong>. This enables rapid and accurate identification based on fingerprint data.</li><li><strong>Face Recognition System:</strong> Equipped with a <strong>face recognition system</strong>, the <strong>NTDFAC</strong> can scan pictures of suspects from <strong>CCTV footage</strong>, aiding in the identification and tracking of individuals involved in terrorist activities.</li><li><strong>Support for State Police Forces:</strong> Beyond assisting <strong>NIA officers</strong>, the <strong>NTDFAC</strong> provides vital support to state police forces. They can access the centralized server to gather information on terrorists operating within their jurisdictions, fostering inter-state cooperation.</li></ul><div class='exam-tip-box'><p><strong>UPSC Insight:</strong> Understand <strong>NAFIS</strong> not just as a standalone system but as an integral part of India's broader internal security architecture, particularly in counter-terrorism efforts and modernizing police forces. Its role in inter-agency data sharing is a key point for **GS-III Internal Security**.</p></div>